RCS vs SMS: What's the difference?

Texting is a quintessential function of every modern smartphone, and the benefits of texting are plentiful compared to calling someone on their phone. Everyone can reply at their own pace, and there’s a conversation record for people to return to. All phones have texting capabilities through SMS, but these great Android smartphones also have additional texting capabilities through RCS. But what exactly is the difference between SMS and RCS? We explain this in this article!

What is SMS?

SMS stands for Short Message Service. As the name implies, it is a protocol for sending and receiving short text messages. The messages are sent and received over your mobile network, and you don’t need a data plan for them to work. Your carrier may levy charges separately for every SMS you send, though receiving SMS is usually free.

SMS was meant to complement voice calls in the early days of mobile telephony. As such, the protocol has features that feel very dated in this era of instant messaging apps and addictive social media networks. For instance, SMS only allows for text-based messages, and that too with a 160-character limit. These 160 characters can be letters, numbers, and symbols, but that is about it.

You cannot exceed the character limit within one SMS. If you do, the characters spill over onto the next SMS, possibly fragmenting your conversation depending on the messaging app on your phone. This isn’t as much of an issue on modern smartphones, but something to keep in mind if you are resigned to sending or receiving texts on a basic feature phone.

You cannot send any media through SMS, so no photos, videos, audio, or GIFs can be sent through SMS. This is a big disadvantage, considering the depth these forms of expressions add to our everyday conversations. As a result, SMS is best known and used for simple and short text messages.

What is RCS?

It’s not an understatement that SMS has not been able to compete with modern-day IM apps. We’re at the point where texting is synonymous with instant messaging, and we’re not going back.

RCS is the evolution of SMS and MMS. It stands for Rich Communication Services, a communication protocol like SMS.

RCS differs from traditional SMS by vastly extending the character limit on each message. You can also add all types of media to your messages, letting you share images, videos, and GIFs. You can even send location data and create group chats. You can also receive read receipts, and your messages are also encrypted. This is made possible as RCS uses internet data to send content instead of the conventional telephony network.

However, while SMS is ubiquitous and available on practically every feature phone and smartphone, RCS has some conditions for its availability.

You don’t have to sign up for RCS like you do on instant messaging apps, but you still have to fulfill some requirements. You need a phone that supports RCS, and you need to be on a carrier that supports RCS. The other party must also meet the same conditions; only then will the conversation be through RCS. If the conditions are not fulfilled, the conversation will fall back to SMS.

SMS vs RCS: How do they compare?

Here’s a brief look at how SMS and RCS compare to each other.

As you can see, RCS is better than SMS in nearly every area. The only advantage SMS has over RCS is that it is available on almost every mobile phone, whether a feature phone or a smartphone, Android or iPhone. RCS has wide availability as long as parameters are fulfilled on both sides.

One of the biggest hurdles to greater RCS adoption used to be that iPhones did not support RCS at all, forcing all text communication between an iPhone and an Android to be SMS-only. However, this has changed with iOS 18, which added RCS support to iPhones through the Apple Messages app. Carriers still need to enable RCS, but most in the US have done so, letting iPhone users use RCS to text Android users for a richer texting experience.

What are the benefits of using RCS over SMS?

As we listed, RCS has numerous benefits over SMS. The primary benefit of RCS is that you get a seamless “instant messaging”-like experience right from your stock messaging app (if it supports RCS). You don’t need signups on any extra platform, vastly improving user onboarding.

Beyond that, RCS greatly expands how rich your communication can be. You can be more expressive with images and videos, share your location, and more.

This benefit is also great for businesses that want to use RCS for marketing. Instead of relying on boring and short text, they can use more creative advertising and promotional materials. The platform allows them to build direct call-to-actions, which is significantly better for conversion than plain text sent over SMS.

An underrated benefit of RCS is that popular RCS apps are encrypted end-to-end. Note that not all RCS apps are encrypted, but the feature is at least available on the popular apps. SMS is entirely unencrypted, leaving the door open for bad actors to snoop on your conversations.

Besides the small amount of data needed, RCS is also completely free for consumers. On the other hand, carriers usually charge for SMS based on individual messages or through combined packs that give you a monthly limit for a set amount of money. You can get “unlimited” SMS on carrier packs with other high benefits, but you’re still paying for a package.

Who can use RCS?

You need to be on a supported carrier and on a supported smartphone to use RCS.

Most major carriers around the world support the Universal Profile for RCS. These include Verizon, T-Mobile, AT&T, and Google Fi in the US. The list globally includes Vodafone, Deutsche Telekom, NTT Docomo, Airtel, Jio, and many others supporting RCS.

For smartphones, all Android phones are capable of using RCS, but you need to use a compatible messaging client. Google’s Messages app supports RCS and comes preinstalled on most new smartphones these days, and if not, you can always download it from the Google Play Store. Samsung Messages also supports RCS. Many other messaging clients also support RCS, but you may need to click on some settings toggles to enable the feature, depending on the app.

Thanks to iOS 18, iPhones also support RCS. Presuming your carrier supports it, you just need to ensure that your iPhone is updated to the latest iOS release (iOS 18 and above). Then, you can enable RCS on your iPhone in Settings > Apps > Messages and enable RCS Messaging under the Text Messaging header.

RCS on iPhones co-exists alongside iMessage and SMS support in the Apple Messages app, so you can use all three technologies within the same app. iPhones running iOS 18 support RCS Universal Profile, which is the standard currently published by the GSM Association. Conversations between Android phones and iPhones now default to the RCS instead of SMS (presuming the Android phone also supports the Universal Profile on RCS), though the blue and green bubble wars continue to be waged on iMessage.

Should you use RCS or SMS?

Given the long list of benefits, it is a no-brainer that you should use RCS as far as possible. The features finally breathe new life into conventional texting, and once you get used to them, there’s no going back to just plain text.

The only times SMS makes sense are for its ubiquity and as a fallback for RCS. When you send an SMS, you can be confident that the person receives it without thinking too much about carriers, phones, and apps. For that reason alone, SMS will remain a part of our lives, though relegated to a sideline as RCS and other instant messaging apps take over. That should settle the RCS vs SMS debate.

FAQs